Ethiopia’s Sea Access Strategy Sparks Revival of Maritime Sovereignty Discourse
October 24, 2018
Ethiopia’s recent policy initiatives emphasizing access to the Red Sea have reignited national discussions surrounding the country’s historic maritime ties and sovereignty. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed highlighted the strategic importance of sea access, framing the Red Sea and the Nile as vital components of Ethiopia’s identity, economic prosperity, and security.
Historically, Ethiopia boasted over 2,000 kilometers of Red Sea coastline, controlling key ports such as Assab, Mitswa, Zeila, Tajura, Adolis, and Berbera. These ports served as crucial trade routes connecting Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula, Yemen, Somaliland, and the Kush region, underpinning its ancient civilization and naval strength. Notably, Emperor Caleb’s Red Sea fleet symbolized Ethiopia’s maritime influence and regional power.
However, Ethiopia’s access to the sea was cut off in the early 1990s, rendering the country landlocked and vulnerable to economic and geopolitical pressures. The loss of Assab port has remained a significant national concern for over three decades.
As Ethiopia celebrates milestones like the Grand Renaissance Dam, many scholars and citizens argue that reclaiming access to the Red Sea is essential for restoring sovereignty, safeguarding trade routes, and fulfilling historical responsibilities. Once a symbol of national pride and power, the Red Sea now stands at the center of Ethiopia’s strategic vision for the future.
